Energy of the present and future
The solar energy is the easiest and the most sustainable solution for the production of electricity and, in the soon future, is going to be the cheapest one.
The increasing worldwide energetic need is causing economically impossible the usage of the fossil fuel.
The shortage of actual hydrocarbon fields, moreover concentrated on geographically critic areas, , the strong energetic request of the developing countries , which are trying to reach the same life style as the reach countries, the improbable discovery of new important oil wells and the significant increase of the cost of extraction, the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, caused almost in 30% by the energetic production from fossil sources, causes the continuous increase of economic and environmental costs of electric energy production.
The alternatives for the usage of oil, gas and coal, always more and more expensive and pollute, are the nuclear and rinnovable sources.
Actually the state of competences is in this way that, the competitiveness of nuclear is being under discussion by many authoritative economists and scientists because the costs of generation, treatment, storage of radioactive wastes, dismantling of obsolete stations and possible environmental disasters, seem exorbitant.
Today the development of the energy generation from rinnovable sources seems the only alternative possible because of the constant decrease of unit price, the increase of production and little emission of the pollution in the atmosphere.
Today in order to increase the development of the energy from rinnovable sources, many countries promote incentive systems of cost production but in few years that production costs are going to be the same or lower than traditional sources and incentive systems won’t be necessary.
From all kind of energy from rinnovable sources ( Aeolian, biomass, geothermic, cogeneration, solar, hydroelectric), this which is going to be economically and environmentally the best is a solar energy.
The collection of solar energy can be made in two different ways:
1) using the heat of the sun and in this way creating solar thermo energy;
2) transforming the solar radiation in electric energy through photovoltaic effect
The solar thermo energy is able to be used for heat the water and for the central heating but in other cases electric energy is needed.
Even if there are the thermodynamic systems that transform thermo solar energy in the electric one, it is evident that the photovoltaic is going to have an important roll when the technology will be economically advantageous.
The solar thermo energy or photovoltaic energy have an installation potential almost unlimited and can fully satisfy the world energy need.
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